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Bulletin No. 493
Bulletin No. 493
The qualification of nozzles in pressure vessels, or branch connections in piping systems, often requires the use of finite element analysis (FEA). The models are equivalent to cylinder-to-cylinder intersections. The loads under consideration typically are pressure or external moments. Both the magnitude and location of the maximum stress is very important. This bulletin provides significant insight into the stress distribution of cylinder-to-cylinder intersections. Recommendations are made regarding FEA modeling techniques. This report is composed of several parts. The first part replicates the Optimal Study and, in some cases, develops identical result and in others, the results are different. The second part, compares the results of the FEA code used in the study, to experimental data results, and evaluates the FEA element size recommendations.
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Bulletin No. 497
Bulletin No. 497
Large Diameter Ratio Shell Intersections Part 1: Design of Large Diameter Shell Intersections Subject to Pressure and External Loadings Part 2: Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Large Diameter Shell Intersections (Internal Pressure) Part 3: Parametric Finite Element Analysis of Large Diameter Shell Intersections (External Loadings)
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Bulletin No. 500
Bulletin No. 500
Edward J. Hampton and Jerry L. Bitner This Bulletin covers the literature survey portion of a research project to develop stress or strain criteria for combined static and dynamic loading. The Bulletin includes a comprehensive literature survey for material properties, limiting criteria, strain rate effects and failure modes, an evaluation of the literature obtained in the survey, and a summary report of the evaluations. The survey focused primarily on dynamic material properties developed by researchers in the period from early 1900 to the present. Results are grouped into two major categories: basic material properties from test specimens and dynamic response of components and systems. Many of the component tests were conducted using simply supported and cantilevered beams with rectangular and hollow circular (pipe) cross sections. The literature survey identified not only strain-rate dependent mechanical properties and component responses, but also limiting criteria for combined static and dynamic loading conditions proposed by various researchers. Only six references were placed into this later category and only one identified a specific limiting criterion for UcombinedU static and dynamic loads. The lack of proposed limiting criteria in the open literature is disappointing and limits, to some extent, the objectivity of evaluating the merits of different applicable criteria using data obtained in the survey. Key information related to the development of limiting criteria for static and dynamic loading conditions were extracted from the source references and included in this summary survey report. Only the one proposed criterion found in the literature for UcombinedU static and dynamic loading is included in this report along with a significant collection of material properties for both static and dynamic loading conditions. A brief abstract, often an edited version of the one included in the source reference, and a statement of relevancy to the development of dynamic criteria precede the extracted information are also included. The material properties cover a wide range of metal and non-metal alloys and composites. The properties included in the report are generally presented in both SI and English systems of units. Recommendations for a future experimental program are presented. The program focuses upon developing data to be used in the combined static and dynamic interaction equation to establish the interaction constants for specific material at various static to dynamic load ratios and load types including tension-compression, bending moment, shear and torsion. The same data sets are needed to confirm that interaction equations provide reasonable and safe limits for UcombinedU static and dynamic loading. Additional proposed research suggested by the reviewers of this report is topically defined.
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